![]() OK, now let’s see if we can make this work. The UDF has been given a range as an input (cells A2:A4), but it calculates as a #VALUE! error (cell D4). Now let’s apply the dynamic array principles, and select multiple cells… oh dear, it doesn’t work. Look at the screenshot below, cell D2 calculates the volume using the radius in cell A2. When using a single value, the UDF operates correctly. VolumeOfSphere = (4 / 3) * () * Radius ^ 3 Function VolumeOfSphere(Radius As Double) It only requires a single input, which is the radius. The UDF used for the example calculates the volume of a sphere. ![]() Let’s try a user-defined function to see what happens. Cell G6 contains the formula, but since the Row_num and Column_num are both 2 values, the calculated results are pushed into the cells across and below. Now let’s give the Row_num and Column_num multiple values as ranges. Notice that Row_num and Column_num arguments are individual values. The standard INDEX function calculates a single value, as shown by cell G4 below. Instead, dynamic arrays display all the calculated results by spilling them into cells across and below. Excel has always operated in the way, but we only ever saw multiple results if we knew how to use Ctrl+Shift+Enter. If we provide multiple values in that argument (such as range or array constant), Excel performs a calculation for every item in that array/range (this is known as lifting). Many functions, just like INDEX, contain arguments that expect a single value (this value is known as a scalar). Row_num and Column_num: Number – can be a cell containing a number or a single number constant.Array: Reference – can be a range or an array constant. ![]() The screenshot above shows the INDEX function has 3 arguments, each of which has a required data type: The data types required for each argument are visible in the Formula Arguments window. If we put text where there should be a number, or a range where there should be text, we will encounter the #VALUE! error. Each argument in a function accepts different data types (text, numbers, ranges, etc.). To understand dynamic arrays, we first must understand how functions operate.
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